Planning a trip to parts of Africa or South America? The yellow fever vaccine is one of the most important travel vaccinations to consider. It protects against yellow fever, a potentially serious viral illness spread by infected mosquitoes in certain tropical and subtropical regions.
What Is the Yellow Fever Vaccine?
The yellow fever vaccine is a live, attenuated vaccine — meaning it contains a weakened version of the virus. This form doesn’t cause disease in healthy people but triggers the immune system to build strong protection against the real thing.
How Effective Is It?
Very effective. After just one dose:
- About 90% of people are immune within 10 days
- 99% are protected within 30 days
- In most cases, immunity lasts for life
Previously, boosters were recommended every 10 years. But the World Health Organization (WHO) now states that one dose is usually enough for lifelong protection. However, some countries may still require a booster, so double-check entry requirements before your trip.
Who Should Get It?
The yellow fever vaccine is recommended for:
- Anyone aged 9 months and older traveling to or living in areas where yellow fever is present
- Travelers entering certain countries that require proof of vaccination, often in Africa and South America
Pro tip: Get vaccinated at least 10 days before traveling, as it takes time for your body to build full protection.
Who Should Avoid the Vaccine?
There are a few groups of people who shouldn’t get the yellow fever vaccine unless necessary:
- Infants under 6 months old (due to a higher risk of severe side effects)
- Pregnant women, unless travel is unavoidable and the risk is high
- People with weakened immune systems (such as those with HIV, undergoing chemotherapy, or taking immunosuppressive drugs)
- Anyone with a severe allergy to eggs, chicken proteins, or gelatin (ingredients in the vaccine)
Talk to your doctor or a travel medicine specialist to assess your individual situation.
Are There Any Side Effects?
Mild side effects (fairly common):
- Soreness at the injection site
- Low fever
- Headache or general fatigue
Serious side effects (rare but possible):
- Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)
- Neurological complications (like encephalitis)
- Viscerotropic disease — a rare reaction that mimics yellow fever itself
Don’t Forget Your Yellow Card (ICVP)
After getting vaccinated, you’ll receive a Yellow Card, officially known as the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP).
- This document may be required for entry into some countries.
- Carry it with your passport when traveling to affected regions.
Where to Get the Vaccine
The yellow fever vaccine is only available at approved vaccination centers, such as:
- Travel health clinics
- Public health departments
- Some private medical offices
These locations are specially licensed to store and administer the vaccine correctly.
Why It Matters
Thanks to widespread vaccination efforts, the yellow fever vaccine has played a major role in controlling outbreaks and saving lives across the globe. Even one case of yellow fever can lead to serious illness or death, so vaccination is a critical step for anyone at risk.
Conclusion
The yellow fever vaccine offers powerful, long-lasting protection for travelers headed to areas where the disease is still a risk. With a single shot, you can protect yourself and help prevent the spread of this potentially deadly virus. Always plan, consult your doctor or a travel clinic, and get vaccinated at least 10 days before you depart.