.Vildagliptin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It belongs to the class of drugs known as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which work by increasing the levels of incretin hormones (GLP-1 and GIP). These hormones help regulate blood glucose levels by enhancing insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon release in a glucose-dependent manner.
Key Features of Vildagliptin
1. Mechanism of Action:
- Inhibits the DPP-4 enzyme, which breaks down incretin hormones
- Increases active GLP-1 and GIP levels, leading to improved glucose control.
2. Indications:
- Used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic medications (e.g., metformin, sulfonylureas, or insulin) to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.
3. Dosage:
- The typical dose is 50 mg once or twice daily, depending on the formulation and combination therapy.
4. Side Effects:
Generally well-tolerated, but common side effects may include:
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Mild gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, diarrhea)
Rare but serious side effects may include:
- Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
- Severe joint pain
- Hypersensitivity reactions
5. Contraindications:
- Patients with type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis should not use this medication.
- Use with caution in patients with a history of pancreatitis or severe renal impairment.
6. Advantages:
- Low risk of hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy.
- Weight-neutral compared to some other antidiabetic drugs.
7. Brand Names:
- Sold under various brand names, such as Galvus (Novartis).
8. Combination Therapy:
- Often combined with metformin in a single tablet (e.g., Galvumet).
Seek medical advice before starting, stopping, or adjusting any medication