Valacyclovir is an antiviral medication primarily used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses, including:
1. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV):
- Genital herpes (treatment and suppression)
- Cold sores (oral herpes)
- Herpes labialis
2. Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV):
- Shingles (herpes zoster)
- Chickenpox (in some cases)
How It Works:
Valacyclovir is metabolized into acyclovir in the body, enhancing its effectiveness. Acyclovir inhibits viral DNA replication by targeting the viral DNA polymerase, thereby stopping the virus from multiplying.
Dosage:
For managing cold sores, the dosage is 2 grams, twice within 24 hours:
- For cold sores, take 2 grams twice a day for a single day.
- Genital herpes (initial outbreak): 1 gram twice daily for 10 days.
- Genital herpes (recurrent outbreaks): 500 mg twice daily for 3 days.
- Suppression of genital herpes: 500 mg to 1 gram once daily.
- For shingles, take 1 gram three times a day for seven days.
Side Effects:
Common side effects include:
- Headache
- Nausea
- Abdominal pain
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
Rare but serious side effects:
- Kidney problems (especially in dehydrated patients or those with kidney disease)
- Neurological issues (e.g., confusion, hallucinations)
- Allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
Precautions:
- Kidney function: Dose adjustment may be needed for patients with impaired kidney function.
- Hydration: Ensure adequate fluid intake to prevent kidney issues.
- Pregnancy/Breastfeeding: Consult a doctor before use.
- Drug interactions: Inform your doctor if you are taking other medications, especially nephrotoxic drugs.
Brand Names:
- Valtrex (most common brand)
- Generic versions are also available.
Seek medical advice before starting or stopping any prescribed treatment.