Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat various types of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It binds to the bacterial ribosome, inhibits protein synthesis, and ultimately leads to bacterial cell death.
Key Uses:
1. Respiratory Infections:
- Commonly used in cystic fibrosis patients to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
- Administered via inhalation (e.g., TOBI®) or intravenously.
2. Severe Systemic Infections:
- Treats infections like sepsis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections caused by susceptible organisms.
3. Ophthalmic Infections:
- Used in eye drops or ointments to treat bacterial conjunctivitis and other eye infections.
Administration:
- Intravenous (IV) or Intramuscular (IM): For systemic infections.
- Inhalation: For respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients.
- Topical: For skin or eye infections.
Side Effects:
- Ototoxicity: Can cause hearing loss or balance issues.
- Nephrotoxicity: This may lead to kidney damage.
- Neuromuscular Blockade: Rarely, it can cause muscle weakness or respiratory paralysis.
Monitoring:
- Regular monitoring of kidney function (serum creatinine) and hearing is essential during treatment.
- Drug levels in the blood are often checked to ensure therapeutic levels and avoid toxicity.
Contraindications:
- Hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides.
- Use caution in patients with pre-existing kidney or hearing issues.
Tobramycin is a potent antibiotic, and its use should be guided by culture and sensitivity testing to ensure appropriate treatment and minimize resistance development. Always consult a healthcare professional for proper use and dosing.