Telmisartan + Hydrochlorothiazide is a combination medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It combines two active ingredients:
- Telmisartan: An angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that relaxes blood vessels by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a substance that narrows blood vessels and raises blood pressure.
- Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic that helps the kidneys remove excess water and salt from the body, reducing blood volume and lowering blood pressure.
Uses
This combination is prescribed for patients whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled by either drug alone. It is effective in managing hypertension and reducing the risk of cardiovascular events.
Dosage
The dosage varies based on individual patient needs and response to treatment.
Common formulations include:
- Telmisartan 40 mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg
- Telmisartan 80 mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg
- Telmisartan 80 mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg
Typically taken once daily, with or without food.
Side Effects
- Common side effects may include:
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Low blood pressure (hypotension)
- Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., low potassium, sodium, or magnesium levels)
- Increased uric acid levels (may trigger gout)
- Dry mouth or thirst
- Rare but serious side effects:
- Kidney dysfunction
- Allergic reactions (e.g., swelling of the face, lips, or tongue)
- Severe skin reactions
- Liver problems
Precautions
- Inform your doctor if you have a history of kidney or liver disease, diabetes, gout, or electrolyte imbalances.
- Avoid use during pregnancy, as ARBs can harm the developing fetus.
- Monitor blood pressure and kidney function regularly.
- Be cautious with other medications that may interact, such as NSAIDs, lithium, or other blood pressure-lowering drugs.
Drug Interactions
- NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen): May reduce the effectiveness of Telmisartan and increase the risk of kidney damage.
- Lithium: Hydrochlorothiazide can increase lithium levels, leading to toxicity.
- Other antihypertensives: May cause excessive blood pressure lowering.
- Potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics: May increase the risk of high potassium levels (hyperkalemia).
Contraindications
- Allergy to sulfonamide-derived drugs (Hydrochlorothiazide is a sulfonamide derivative).
- Severe kidney impairment or anuria (lack of urine production).
- Pregnancy (especially second and third trimesters).
Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice and monitoring while taking this medication.