Sodium chloride, widely recognized as table salt, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaCl. It is an ionic compound consisting of sodium (Na⁺) cations and chloride (Cl⁻) anions. Key highlights of sodium chloride include:
Properties:
- Appearance: White crystalline solid.
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water.
- Melting Point: 801°C (1,474°F).
- Boiling Point: 1,413°C (2,575°F).
- Taste: Salty.
- Odor: Odorless.
Occurrence:
- Sodium chloride is found abundantly in nature, primarily in seawater and in mineral deposits such as halite (rock salt).
Uses:
- Culinary: Used as a seasoning and preservative in food.
- Industrial:
- Production of chlorine and sodium hydroxide through electrolysis.
- Used in water softening systems.
- Manufacturing of plastics, paper, and other chemicals.
- Medical:
- Saline solution (0.9% NaCl) is used for intravenous therapy and wound cleaning.
- Used in oral rehydration solutions.
- De-icing: Spread on roads and sidewalks to melt ice and snow.
Biological Importance:
- Essential for maintaining electrolyte balance in the body.
- It is essential for proper nerve signaling and muscle contraction.
Safety:
- Consuming too much can contribute to health concerns like hypertension.
- Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when consumed in moderation.
Sodium chloride is a vital compound with a wide range of applications in daily life, industry, and medicine.