Primaquine is a highly effective antimalarial drug used for both the treatment and prevention of malaria. It specifically targets the dormant liver stages (hypnozoites) of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale, which can cause malaria relapses if untreated.
To ensure full parasite clearance, primaquine is often prescribed in combination with other antimalarial medications.
Key Medical Uses of Primaquine
- Radical Cure: Eliminates liver-stage parasites (P. vivax and P. ovale) to prevent recurrence.
- Malaria Prophylaxis: Used by travelers to malaria-endemic regions to help prevent infection.
- Gametocidal Effect: Kills the sexual-stage gametocytes of the parasite, reducing the risk of transmission to others.
How Primaquine Works
Primaquine acts by producing reactive oxygen species that damage the parasite’s mitochondria and cellular structures, ultimately leading to its destruction.
Dosage Guidelines
- For Radical Cure: 15–30 mg daily for 14 days (based on body weight and medical advice).
- For Prophylaxis: Usually taken daily or weekly, depending on the prescribed regimen and destination.
Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions for dosing.
Common and Serious Side Effects
- Frequent Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and headache.
- Serious Risk: May cause hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency — a blood condition.
G6PD screening is mandatory before starting primaquine.
Who Should Not Take Primaquine
- People with G6PD deficiency
- Those with known allergy or hypersensitivity to primaquine
- Pregnant women, particularly in the first trimester, unless medically necessary
Important Safety Tips
- Consult a doctor before beginning primaquine therapy.
- Routine monitoring may be needed, especially for those with underlying health issues.
- Adhere to the full course of treatment to prevent relapse or resistance.
Final Advice
Primaquine is an essential drug in modern malaria control, especially for relapsing types.
However, proper medical supervision is key to ensuring both its effectiveness and safety.