Abacavir is a widely prescribed medication that helps manage HIV-1 infection by interfering with the virus’s ability to multiply. It’s part of a group of medicines called NRTIs, which help stop the HIV from multiplying in the body. It works by blocking the reverse transcriptase enzyme, preventing HIV from replicating and reducing the viral load in the body.
Key Highlights of Abacavir
Common Brand Names
- Ziagen (Abacavir)
- Epzicom (Abacavir + Lamivudine)
- Triumeq (Abacavir + Lamivudine + Dolutegravir)
Clinical Usage
- Abacavir is always used in combination with other antiretroviral medications as part of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART).
- It helps manage HIV infections by lowering the viral count and boosting the immune response.
Dosage and Administration
- For adults, the standard dosage is 600 mg per day, given either once daily or split into two 300 mg doses.
- It comes in both tablet and oral solution forms, making it easier to take based on individual needs.
Possible Side Effects
Common Side Effects:
- Nausea
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Rash
Serious Side Effects:
- Hypersensitivity reaction — a rare but potentially life-threatening condition
- Symptoms: Fever, rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and respiratory symptoms
- If symptoms occur, Abacavir should be discontinued immediately and must never be restarted.
Safety and Screening
HLA-B*5701 Genetic Testing:
- Before starting Abacavir, it’s important to screen for the HLA-B*5701 gene to reduce the risk of serious allergic reactions.
- Patients with this genetic marker have a significantly higher risk of experiencing a hypersensitivity reaction
Contraindications: - Should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to Abacavir.
- Also contraindicated in patients testing positive for HLA-B5701*
Use During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
- Abacavir may be used during pregnancy only if needed and prescribed by a healthcare provider.
- Breastfeeding is not recommended for HIV-positive mothers due to the risk of HIV transmission to the baby.
Effectiveness and Results
- When taken as part of a combination therapy, Abacavir helps reduce the HIV viral load and supports immune recovery.
- It is not a cure for HIV, but is an essential component in long-term disease management.
Final Advice
Always consult a licensed healthcare provider before starting, adjusting, or stopping any antiretroviral medication. Personalized medical advice is essential for safe and effective HIV treatment.