Estradiol

Used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopausal symptoms, prevention of osteoporosis, estrogen deficiency, and as part of transgender hormone therapy.

Nausea, breast tenderness, headache, bloating, increased risk of thromboembolism.

Use cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disease, liver dysfunction, or risk of hormone-sensitive cancers.

Breast or estrogen-dependent cancer, active thromboembolic disorders, liver disease, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding.

Varies by route; oral tablets, patches, or gels used daily or cyclically based on indication.

Oral tablets, transdermal patches, topical gels/creams, vaginal rings/ tablets/creams, and injectables.